The Human Development Index (HDI)
The
Human Development Index (HDI)
The
Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistical measure developed by
the United Nations to assess and compare the social and economic development
levels of countries. The HDI is calculated based on three key dimensions:
Health: This is measured by life expectancy
at birth. A higher life expectancy is considered an indicator of better health.
Education: This dimension is assessed using two
indicators:
Mean years of schooling for
adults aged 25 years and older, which reflects the
average number of years of education received by people in this age group.
Expected years of schooling for children entering school, which represents the
total number of years of schooling a child entering school can expect to
receive, assuming age-specific enrollment ratios remain the same throughout the
child's life.
Standard of Living: This
is evaluated by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, adjusted for purchasing
power parity (PPP) to account for cost of living differences between countries.
The
HDI is a normalized index, meaning its values
range from 0 to 1, with 1 being the
highest level of human development. Countries are then categorized
into different development groups based on their HDI scores. The categories are
usually "very high human development," "high human
development," "medium human development," and "low human
development."
The
HDI provides a more comprehensive picture of a country's development than
purely economic indicators, such as GDP per capita, by incorporating health and
education factors. It is widely used as a summary measure to assess and compare
the development achievements of countries over time. The United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) publishes an annual Human Development Report that
includes the HDI rankings of countries.
Pankaj Mandape
9021986469
Nagpur
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