The Human Development Index (HDI)

 

The Human Development Index (HDI)



 

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistical measure developed by the United Nations to assess and compare the social and economic development levels of countries. The HDI is calculated based on three key dimensions:

 

Health: This is measured by life expectancy at birth. A higher life expectancy is considered an indicator of better health.

 

Education: This dimension is assessed using two indicators:

 

Mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 years and older, which reflects the average number of years of education received by people in this age group.

Expected years of schooling for children entering school, which represents the total number of years of schooling a child entering school can expect to receive, assuming age-specific enrollment ratios remain the same throughout the child's life.

 

Standard of Living: This is evaluated by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP) to account for cost of living differences between countries.

 

The HDI is a normalized index, meaning its values range from 0 to 1, with 1 being the highest level of human development. Countries are then categorized into different development groups based on their HDI scores. The categories are usually "very high human development," "high human development," "medium human development," and "low human development."

 

The HDI provides a more comprehensive picture of a country's development than purely economic indicators, such as GDP per capita, by incorporating health and education factors. It is widely used as a summary measure to assess and compare the development achievements of countries over time. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) publishes an annual Human Development Report that includes the HDI rankings of countries.

 

 

 

 

Pankaj Mandape

    9021986469

       Nagpur

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