Human Development Index (HDI)

 

Human Development Index (HDI)

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure and compare the average achievement of countries in key dimensions of human development. It was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and first introduced in 1990 as an alternative to purely economic measures like GDP per capita.

 

The HDI takes into account three main dimensions of human development:

Life expectancy at birth: This dimension reflects the overall health and well-being of the population by measuring the average number of years a newborn is expected to live. It is an indicator of access to healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions.

Education: The education dimension is assessed through two indicators: mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 and above and expected years of schooling for children of school-going age. These indicators reflect the level of knowledge and skills acquired by individuals and the opportunities for future education.

Gross national income (GNI) per capita: This dimension represents the economic aspect of human development and is measured by the GNI per capita in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. It reflects the average income of individuals in a country and is used to assess their access to resources and standard of living.

Each dimension is given equal weight, and the HDI is calculated by combining the values of these three dimensions on a scale of 0 to 1. A higher HDI value indicates higher human development.

The HDI is regularly updated and published in the Human Development Report by the UNDP. It serves as a valuable tool for policymakers, researchers, and international organizations to compare and track the progress of countries in terms of human development over time.



Pankaj Mandape

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